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ÌÈÊÐÎÑÊÎÏÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ ÎÏÈÑÀÍÈÅ ÃÀÌÎÂ-ÒÅËËÅÐÎÂÑÊÎÃÎ ÐÅÇÎÍÀÍÑÀ È ÊÎËËÅÊÒÈÂÍÛÕ ÈÇÎÁÀÐÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ
1+-ÑÎÑÒÎßÍÈÉ ÑÔÅÐÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ßÄÅÐ


Þ. Â. Ãàïîíîâ

Èíñòèòóò àòîìíîé ýíåðãèè èì. È. Â. Êóð÷àòîâà, Ìîñêâà

Þ. Ñ. Ëþòîñòàíñêèé

Ìîñêîâñêèé èíæåíåðíî-ôèçè÷åñêèé èíñòèòóò, Ìîñêâà

Based on the finite Fermi-system theory the isobaric collective 1+ states theory for spherical nuclei is developed. The work contains numerical and approximate analytical (BETA-model) equations solutions for energies and matrix elements of the b-decay of these states. The special attention is paid for the description of the new type of giant isobaric state — the Gamov-Teller resonance which was discovered recently in the Michigan and Indiana Universities, USA. The possibility of Gamov-Teller resonance and nuclei ground states description in the theory of Wigner supermultiplets is analysed. It is shown that the SU (4) description improves in heavy nuclei as A and N — Z grow. The role of the isobaric collective states in b-decay and delayed neutron emission from nuclei far from the b-stability line is discussed.

Íà îñíîâå òåîðèè êîíå÷íûõ ôåðìè-ñèñòåì ñòðîèòñÿ òåîðèÿ èçîáàðè÷åñêèõ êîëëåêòèâíûõ 1+-ñîñòîÿíèé ñôåðè÷åñêèõ ÿäåð. Îñîáîå ìåñòî îòâåäåíî îïèñàíèþ íîâîãî òèïà ãèãàíòñêîãî èçîáàðè÷åñêîãî ðåçîíàíñà — ãàìîâ-òåëëåðîâñêîãî ðåçîíàíñà, ïðîÿâëåíèå êîòîðîãî â ðåàêöèÿõ ïåðåçàðÿäêè ïîäòâåðæäåíî íåäàâíî íà ýêñïåðèìåíòàõ â Èíäèàíñêîì è Ìè÷èãàíñêîì óíèâåðñèòåòàõ ÑØÀ. Àíàëèçèðóåòñÿ âîçìîæíîñòü îïèñàíèÿ ãàìîâ-òåëëåðîâñêîãî ðåçîíàíñà è îñíîâíûõ ñîñòîÿíèé ÿäåð â ñõåìå âèãíåðîâñêîé ñèììåòðèè íà áàçå SU (4)-ãðóïïû. Ïîêàçàíî, ÷òî òàêîå îïèñàíèå óëó÷øàåòñÿ ñ ðîñòîì N — Z â ðàéîíå òÿæåëûõ ÿäåð. Äàí îáçîð ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ïî ãàìîâ-òåëëåðîâñêîìó ðåçîíàíñó è êîëëåêòèâíûì èçîáàðè÷åñêèì 1+ -ñîñòîÿíèÿì. Ðàçðàáîòàíà ìåòîäèêà ðàñ÷åòà ñâîéñòâ ÿäåð, äàëåêèõ îò ëèíèé b-ñòàáèëüíîñòè, îñíîâàííàÿ íà òåîðèè èçîáàðè÷åñêèõ ñîñòîÿíèé, ïðèìåíåíèå êîòîðîé èëëþñòðèðóåòñÿ ðÿäîì ïðèìåðîâ.

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