Â. Ë. Àêñåíîâ Îáúåäèíåííûé èíñòèòóò ÿäåðíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé, Äóáíà Ïðåäìåòîì ñîâðåìåííîé íåéòðîííîé ôèçèêè ÿâëÿåòñÿ èññëåäîâàíèå ñ ïîìîùüþ íåéòðîíîâ â øèðîêîì äèàïàçîíå ýíåðãèé ôóíäàìåíòàëüíûõ âçàèìîäåéñòâèé è ñèììåòðèé, âûñîêîâîçáóæäåííûõ ñîñòîÿíèé àòîìíûõ ÿäåð, êðèñòàëëè÷åñêèõ è ìàãíèòíûõ ñòðóêòóð, äèíàìè÷åñêèõ âîçáóæäåíèé â òâåðäûõ òåëàõ è æèäêîñòÿõ.  îáçîðå ïðîâåäåí àíàëèç ñîñòîÿíèÿ è ïåðñïåêòèâ ðåøåíèÿ íàèáîëåå àêòóàëüíûõ è ïðèíöèïèàëüíûõ ïðîáëåì íåéòðîííîé ôèçèêè. Îñíîâíîé âûâîä: íåéòðîííàÿ ôèçèêà äàåò ìíîãî èíôîðìàöèè äëÿ ôèçèêè ÷àñòèö, àòîìíîãî ÿäðà, êîíäåíñèðîâàííîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ âåùåñòâà, õèìèè, áèîëîãèè, ìàòåðèàëîâåäåíèÿ, íàóê î Çåìëå, îäíàêî â ñëåäóþùåì ñòîëåòèè íåîáõîäèìî ñîçäàòü íîâûå âûñîêîïîòî÷íûå èñòî÷íèêè íåéòðîíîâ. Ïîñëå 2010 ãîäà â ìèðå ÷èñëî ÿäåðíûõ ðåàêòîðîâ, èñïîëüçóåìûõ äëÿ ôèçè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé, óìåíüøèòñÿ äî 10-15. Äàí àíàëèç òåíäåíöèé â ðàçâèòèè èñòî÷íèêîâ íåéòðîíîâ. Ðàññìîòðåíû âîçìîæíîñòè íàèáîëåå ðàçâèòûõ íåéòðîííûõ öåíòðîâ â ìèðå. Îáñóæäàþòñÿ íàèáîëåå ïåðñïåêòèâíûå ïðîåêòû íîâûõ èñòî÷íèêîâ íåéòðîíîâ. The objectives of present-day neutron physics are neutron-aided investigations of fundamental interactions and symmetries, high excited states of nuclei, crystalline and magnetic structures, dynamic excitations in solids and liquids over a wide range of energies. The state-of-art and perspectives of the solution of most topical and principal problems of neutron physics are analyzed. The main conclusion is that neutron physics provides rich information for nuclear particle physics, physics of nucleus, condensed matter physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, and earth sciences. In the next century, however, new higher flux neutron sources must be created. By the year 2010 the number of nuclear reactors used for physical research will reduce to 10-15 reactors over the world. Trends in the development of neutron sources are analyzed. The possibilities of leading neutron research centers in the world are considered and most promising projects of neutron sources are discussed. Full text in PDF (1.126.969) |