A new approach to investigation of observed spin and flavor anomalies in hadron physics, based on complex structure of QCD vacuum, is discussed. It is shown, that existence of strong nonperturbative vacuum gluon fields, instantons, leads to specific spin- and flavor-dependent quark and gluon interactions, which can be behind of the anomalies. In the approach, due to the Pauli principle for quarks in instanton field, deep connection between spin and flavor effects is arisen. A new field for investigation of instanton structure of QCD vacuum is the studying of hadron weak decays. Thus, for example, specific helicity and flavor selection rules for quark-quark instanton and electroweak induced interactions, allow us to understand the origin of famous DI = 1/2 rule for nonleptonic weak decays of hadrons.

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