The review is given of the analysis of properties and optical resources of channels of synchrotron diagnostics, which is, at present, the most universal method of studying bunches and beams of relativistic charged particles during their acceleration (accumulation) and interaction. There is a brief description of a history of development and of main features of optical systems of various experimental techniques of synchrotron radiation research, since the work of FIAN. The method of infrared synchrotron accelerator diagnostics, which is developed in JINR and is the continuation and development of FIAN-MGU optical methods, is considered in more detail. Main attention is rendered to development, creation and practical use in experiments of special infrared optics, including special high-vacuum high-thermal window, broadband long-focus mirrors and lenses system. The advantages of infrared synchrotron diagnostics over the optical-region diagnostics are shown with real examples.

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