A wide range of problems associated with the investigation of the structure and dynamics of relativistic deuterons in (d,p) processes on nucleons and nuclei has been considered. Experimental data include the momentum distributions of protons, along with the tensor analyzing power of these reactions on different nuclei and at different energies, measured on the beams of unpolarized and polarized deuterons at the JINR Synchrophasotron. When interpreting experimental results, the accent is made on making use of the light-front dynamics because the employment of this dynamics allows the data to be analyzed in terms of a wave function. It is shown that with this approach, proposed to analyze A(d,p)X reaction, new important information on the deuteron structure at short distances can be obtained, and the deuteron behaviour at relativistic energies may be adequately described. Difficulties arising in this approach have been also indicated. Suggestions for setting up new experiments on the planned beams of polarized deuterons at Nuclotron are made.

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