Detailed review of the modern research on polarized DIS processes is presented. Especial attention is paid to the QCD analysis methods of such processes and, also, to the extrapolation methods of the polarized structure functions and PDFs to the regions unaccessible for experiment. In the case of pure inclusive processes, the QCD analysis of all world data is presented including the latest COMPASS data. Especial attention is paid to such important components of the nucleon spin as polarized strangeness and polarized gluon distribution. The peculiarities of semi-inclusive DIS processes are considered and, in particular, the influence of fragmentation functions on the analysis of semi-inclusive data is discussed. The detailed review of the methods of the fragmentation functions extraction from experimental data is presented. The results of LO and NLO analysis of the existing polarized semi-inclusive data are discussed. Especial attention is paid to the nonstandard, so-called difference asymmetries, which allow one to minimize the analysis dependence of fragmentation functions. The critical review is given of the existing methods of polarized semi-inclusive DIS data QCD analysis. The alternative NLO QCD analysis method of semi-inclusive DIS data is presented. Advantages of the method are illustrated by its application to the HERMES data.

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