JINR Publishing Department: Physics of Elementary Particles and Atomic Nuclei (PEPAN) 2012

Volume 43 (year 2012) , parts: 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6
Part 1	up
Prokhorov L.V. On Physics at the Planck Distance. Srings and Symmetries (rus, 245 Kb) The emergence of symmetries in the earlier proposed model of the Universe (3D network of strings in a thermal bath) is studied. The number is introduced estimating the relative probability of changing of the Gibbs distribution (or its nonstable analogue) under the action of stochastic forces. The principle of maximal stability (PMS) stating that only the most stable distributions are realized in the Universe is formulated. The nature of gauge symmetries and supersymmetries is discussed. According to PMS the groups SU(5) and SU(3) are advantageous. It is shown that in this model the Kaluza-Klein-Mandel-Fock unification of gravity and the Yang-Mills fields appears in the natural way. The list of thirty consequences of the model is given. They form the basis of modern physics (classical Hamiltonian mechanics, quantum mechanics, gauge symmetries, internal symmetries and so on).
Neznamov V.P. The Isotopic Foldy-Wouthuysen Representation and Chiral Symmetry (rus, 515 Kb) The paper introduces the isotopic Foldy-Wouthuysen representation. This representation was used to derive equations for massive interacting fermion fields. When the interaction Hamiltonian commutes with the matrix ⁵, these equations possess chiral invariance irrespective of whether fermions have mass or are massless. The isotopic Foldy-Wouthuysen representation preserves the vector and axial currents irrespective of the fermion mass value. In the Dirac representation, the axial current is preserved only for massless fermions. In the isotopic Foldy-Wouthuysen representation, the ground state of fermions (vacuum) turns out to be degenerate, and therefore there is the possibility of spontaneously breaking parity (P symmetry). This study considers the example of constructing a chirally symmetric quantum electrodynamics framework in the isotopic Foldy-Wouthuysen representation. A number of physical processes are calculated in the lowest orders of the perturbation theory. Final results of the calculations agree with the results of the standard quantum electrodynamics.
Neznamov V.P. The Standard Model in the Isotopic Foldy-Wouthuysen Representation without Higgs Bosons in the Fermion Sector (rus, 175 Kb) The Standard Model with massive fermions is formulated in the isotopic Foldy-Wouthuysen representation. SU(2) × U(1) invariance of the theory in this representation is independent of whether fermions possess mass or not, and, consequently, it is not necessary to introduce interactions between Higgs bosons and fermions. The study discusses a possible relation between spontaneous breaking of parity in the isotopic Foldy-Wouthuysen representation and the composition of elementary particles of "dark matter".
Boos E.E., Bunichev V.E., Volobuev I.P., Smolyakov M.N. Geometry, Physics and Phenomenology of the Randall-Sundrum Model (rus, 670 Kb) The review is devoted to a discussion of the geometry and the physics of the Randall-Sundrum model with two branes, the main emphasis being placed on its phenomenologically acceptable stabilized version. The second variation Lagrangian is constructed for this model, its gauge invariance is studied, the corresponding equations of motion are derived and decoupled, and the physical degrees of freedom are explicitly isolated. For the stabilized model, possible phenomenological manifestations in experiments at the Tevatron and the LHC are discussed in the cases where the center-of-mass energy is below or above the production threshold of the first tensor Kaluza-Klein resonance.
Ganbold G. Hadron Spectrum and Infrared-Finite Behavior of QCD Running Coupling (eng, 782 Kb) We study the behavior of the QCD effective coupling _s in the low-energy region by exploiting the conventional meson spectrum within a relativistic quantum-field model based on analytical confinement of quarks and gluons. The spectra of quark-antiquark and two-gluon bound states are defined by using a master equation similar to the ladder Bethe-Salpeter equation. A new, independent and specific infrared-finite behavior of QCD coupling is found below energy scale ~1 GeV. Particularly, an infrared-fixed point is extracted at _s(0) 0.757 for confinement scale =345 MeV. We provide a new analytic estimate of the lowest-state glueball mass. As applications, we also estimate masses of some intermediate and heavy mesons as well as the weak-decay constants of light mesons. By introducing only a minimal set of parameters (the quark masses m_f and ) we obtain results in reasonable agreement with recent experimental data in a wide range of energy scale ~0.1-10 GeV. We demonstrate that global properties of some low-energy phenomena may be explained reasonably in the framework of a simple relativistic quantum-field model if one guesses correct symmetry structure of the quark-gluon interaction in the confinement region and uses simple forms of propagators in the hadronization regime. The model may serve as a reasonable framework to describe simultaneously different sectors in low-energy particle physics.
Flyagin V.B., Glagolev V.V. Some Top-Quark Properties Measured in p Collisions Using CDF Detector at = 1.96 TeV (eng, 2816 Kb) This review considers important properties of the top quark. The top quark decays before hadronization, and the spin information is directly transferred to the decay products. Therefore, the structure of the weak interaction is investigated by measuring the helicity fractions, f, of the W boson - the top-quark decay product. Other investigations: search for the presence of V+A interaction, search for exotic top-quark charge -4/3 and for t resonances - all of them, so far, were not found in the experiments - testify against going out of the Standard Model.
Stepanov S.S. Thomas Precession for Spin and for a Rod (rus, 333 Kb) In this paper we obtain the differential equations describing the rotating rod and precession of the spin of gyroscope that are moving along a curved trajectory. Several examples of such motion are considered. The obtained equations differ from the traditional Thomas' expression interpreted as a rotation of the non-inertial frame relative to the fixed one. The cause of this disagreement is the fact that in general the axes of the moving frame are not orthogonal for the fixed observers. When the velocity changes, the axes direction changes due to both Wigner rotation and Lorentz contraction. In the present paper we take into account both these factors. It is shown that the vectors representing various physical quantities transform in a different way in the moving reference frame. Thus the kinematic equations describing the motion of these quantities in the fixed frame are different as well.
Synopsis (rus, 49 Kb)
Part 2	up
Galanina L.I., Zelenskaya N.S. Mechanisms of Consecutive Particle Transfer and Characteristics of Light Neutron-Rich and Oriented Nuclei (rus, 1015 Kb) The method for calculating the second-order corrections to the matrix element of reaction A(x, y)B calculated by DWBAFR is developed. The method is based on the assumption about cluster structure of light nuclei and uses the integral equations of four body problem in the framework of Alt-Grassberger-Sandhas formalism. These corrections are connected with the mechanisms of consecutive particles transfer. Such mechanisms are represented by quadrangle diagrams. Their matrix elements are summarized coherently with matrix elements, illustrated by pole and triangle diagrams and calculated by DWBAFR. The computer code QUADRO is created for numerical realization of the offered method. The statistical tensors of nucleus B formed in A(x, y)B reaction at incident particles energies about 10 MeV/nucleon in CM system were determined. Concrete calculations have allowed us to describe both experimental sections (statistical tensors of 0 rank) of various reactions (including those where nucleus B has some superfluous neutrons) and polarized characteristics of nucleus B^* if it was formed in excited state. The two-neutron periphery of nuclei ⁶Не, ¹⁰Ве, ¹²В (both in dineutron and cigar-like configurations) is restored by means of differential cross sections analyzing of elastic ⁶He-scattering and ⁹Be(d, p)¹⁰Be and ¹⁰В(t, p)¹²В reactions. It is shown that the neutron periphery of these nuclei is drastically different and its appearance depends on a way of neutron-rich nuclei formation: in ⁶Не, there is a halo receiving a contribution from both configurations, in ¹⁰Be, there is a slightly noticeable one-neutron halo and in ¹²B, there is a dineutron skin. Orientation characteristics of nuclei B^* are calculated. Their comparison with experimental data has allowed for drawing the important conclusions about two-step mechanisms contribution to statistical tensors of nucleus B^* and their influence on properties of the oriented light nuclei, including, on their polarization. At last, the simplified method of matrix elements calculation with taking into account the consecutive particles transfer mechanisms is offered, and its correctness is shown at evaluating of the different corrections contribution to the full amplitude of reaction.
Davydov A.V. Experimental Studying the Gamma Resonances of the Long-Lived Nuclear Isomers (rus, 617 Kb) Studying the gamma resonances of the long-lived nuclear isomers started by the ITEP experiments with silver isotopes in 1960-1970s. Its results did not contradict the existing theoretical ideas of large broadening of Moessbauer gamma lines via the interactions of nuclear magnetic moments. However the data obtained in 11 experiments performed up to now with gamma sources made of silver metal doped by ¹⁰⁹Cd showed that there is no large broadening of ^109mAg Moessbauer gamma line with energy of 88.03 keV; that is the theoretically predicted gamma line broadening by ~ 10⁵ times is absent. The instrument of a quite new type designed in ITEP - "gravitational gamma spectrometer" - permitted one to observe the form of ^109mAg gamma resonance which turned out to be ~ 10⁸ times narrower than that of well known nuclide ⁵⁷Fe. Some ideas are discussed as an attempt to explain this situation.
Smaluk V.V. Review of Collective Beam Instabilities in Electron-Positron Storage Rings (rus, 1.330 Mb) A review of studies of collective beam instabilities in electron-positron storage rings is presented in this paper. Processes of excitation and suppression of the longitudinal microwave instability, transverse mode coupling instability, longitudinal and transverse multi-bunch instabilities, and instabilities caused by interaction of a beam with ions or electron clouds, are discussed. Some techniques of estimation of the threshold beam currents and rise times of the instabilities are described, the references to original works are given. Ways of diagnostics and suppression of the instabilities are considered with examples.
Vyacheslavov L.N., Ivantcivsky M.V., Meshkov O.I., Popov S.S., Smaluk V.V. Methods of Optical Diagnostics of Electron-Positron Beams and Interaction of High-Current Electron Beam with Plasma (rus, 12.350 Mb) Optical diagnostics are widely used both at experiments of plasma physics and for measurements of parameters of electron/positron beams in accelerators. The approaches, applied for that, often have the same methodological basement which is explained by similarity of properties of the studied phenomena. Nevertheless, these branches of physics are very specific and demand a special diagnostics. Possibility of closed contacts and cooperation between scientists solving similar problems at different areas of physics promotes to overcome these problems. It is especially typical for BINP SB RAS known by pioneering works at electron-positron colliders and nuclear fusion. The first part of the article contains a review of optical diagnostics that are recognized tools at colliders and storage rings. The second part describes the diagnostics that are used at the experiments of plasma heating by high-current electron beam.
Chernyaev A.P. Nuclear-Physical Technologies in Medicine (rus, 1.665 Mb) The article gives a brief history of nuclear-physical technologies in medicine since the discovery of "cathode rays". Emphasis on is describing the basic scientific discoveries, which gave impetus to the development of nuclear-physical technologies. The analysis of the current application of nuclear plants in medicine is presented.
Synopsis (rus, 55 Kb)
Part 3	up
Dolgov A.D. Cosmology and Elementary Particles or Mysteries in the Sky (rus, 349 Kb) The present review is an extended version of the talk presented at the 2nd Round Table Italy-Russia at Dubna, «Space Physics and Biology». At a popular level, taking into account the diversity of the audience, the cosmological problems are described which demand for their solution new phenomena beyond the minimal standard model in elementary particle physics. Cosmological dark and vacuum energies, dark matter, inflation, and baryogenesis are considered. In conclusion a brief discussion of breaking of the fundamental physical laws is presented.
Kovalchuk V.I., Kozlovsky I.V. Faddeev's Equations and Expansion in Hyperspherical Basis Method for Three-Nucleon System (rus, 739 Kb) The method of solving Faddeev's equations in configuration space for three-nucleon system in continuum using expansions in hyperspherical basis is developed. The wave functions of Nd-system, phases, and cross sections of Nd-scattering at subthreshold energies are calculated. Within the framework of this method, one-dimensional integral equations for the problem of infinite motion of all three strongly interacting particles are also formulated and the modification of Faddeev's equations for the system of three hadrons with Coulomb interaction in continuum is made. The review of similar methods of investigation of three-particle systems is presented.
Chizhov M.V., Bednyakov V.A., Boyko I.R., Budagov J.A., Demichev M.A., Yeletskikh I.V. Anomalously Interacting New Extra Vector Bosons and Their First LHC Constraints (eng, 1.960 Mb) Phenomenological consequences of the Standard Model extension are summarized by means of new spin-1 chiral fields with the internal quantum numbers of the electroweak Higgs doublets. The prospects for resonance production and detection of the chiral vector Z^* and W^* bosons at the LHC energies are considered on the basis of quantitative simulations within the CompHEP/CalcHEP package. The Z^* boson can be observed as a Breit-Wigner resonance peak in the invariant dilepton mass distributions in the same way as the well-known extra gauge Z' bosons. However, the Z^* bosons have unique signatures in transverse momentum, angular and pseudorapidity distributions of the final leptons, which allow one to distinguish them from other heavy neutral resonances. In 2010, with 40 pb^-1 of the LHC proton-proton data at the energy of 7 TeV, the ATLAS detector was used to search for narrow resonances in the invariant mass spectrum of e⁺e^- and ⁺^- final states and high-mass charged states decaying to a charged lepton and a neutrino. No statistically significant excess above the Standard Model expectation was observed. The exclusion mass limits of 1.15 and 1.35 TeV/c² were obtained for the chiral neutral Z^* and charged W^* bosons, respectively. These are the first direct limits on the W^* and Z^* boson production. Based on the above, a novel strategy for the chiral boson search in the LHC dijet data is discussed. For almost all currently considered exotic models the relevant signal is expected in the central dijet rapidity region y_1,2 0 and \|y₁-y₂\| 0. On the contrary, the chiral bosons do not contribute to this region but produce an excess of dijet events far away from it. In particular, for these bosons the appropriate kinematical restrictions lead to a dip in the centrality ratio distribution over the dijet invariant mass instead of a bump expected in the most exotic models.
Nedorezov V.G. Experiments with Back Scattered Compton Gamma Beams (on GRAAL Collaboration Results) (rus, 996 Kb) A review on experimental study of photonuclear reactions using Compton back scattered gamma beams at intermediate energies (from pion photo-production threshold up to some GeV) is given. Last review on this subject was published about 10 years ago, for this period new fundamental results on spin structure of nucleons, photonuclear excitation mechanisms have appeared. Main attention of present review is paid to the GRAAL (GRenoble Accelerateur Anneau Laser) experiment, performed at ESRF (European Synchrotron Radiation Facility). It is shown that in addition to principal polarization experimental program based on high photon polarization degree, new results on different applications have been obtained. For example, total photoabsorption and partial meson photoproduction cross sections were measured with high accuracy, new method to study interaction of unstable mesons with nuclear media (tagged mesons) was proposed. New results on anisotropy of light speed relative to the relict dipole radiation were evaluated. It is shown that new possibilities are based on the Compton back scattering technique providing hard spectrum of photons, high polarization degree, low backgrounds.
Suzko A.A., Velicheva E. Intertwining Relations and Darboux Transformations for the Wave Equations (rus, 302 Kb) Using the intertwining operator technique we construct Darboux transformations for the wave equation with position-dependent effective mass and with linearly energy-dependent potentials. The formally adjoint generators of supersymmetry and two formally self-adjoint superpartner Hamiltonians are constructed and they close a quadratic pseudosuperalgebra. The Darboux transformations are constructed in differential and integral forms and an interrelation is established between them. The approach is applied to generation of isospectral potentials with additional or removal bound states or construction of new partner potentials without changing the spectrum, i.e., fully isospectral potentials. The method is illustrated by some concrete examples. The influence of distance between levels on the form of potentials is investigated. In particular, asymmetric double well potentials are generated.
Yurevich V.I. Spectrometry of High-Energy Neutrons (rus, 9.803 Mb) The review is devoted to the progress made over the past quarter-century in the field of neutron spectrometry in a broad range of energy from ~ 1 MeV up to tens of GeV. The spectrometers and detectors developed in various laboratories for performing neutron measurements in numerous basic and applied researches are considered. The results of studies devoted to developing experimental methods and novel detectors are discussed. Some promising directions for future researches are considered.
Synopsis (rus, 59 Kb)
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Kiselev G.V., Rusakovich N.A. A Brief Account of Creation of the Synchrocyclotron in the Hydrotechnical Laboratory (Now Named the Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems) and First Results of Physical Studies (rus, 465 Kb) A review of archive's documents about the main stages of the synchrocyclotron creation in the Hydrotechnical Laboratory (now named the Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research) is presented. The review is based on minutes of the Special Committee and Scientific-Technical Council (STC) of the First Chief Directorate concerning the period of the Soviet Atomic Project (1945-1953). Their analysis allowed one to prepare the chronicle of events reflecting the synchrocyclotron creation, discussions of the project and place of construction, of RD program and so on. The minutes of two STC meetings dated May 5 and 12, 1952, devoted to consideration of RD program results during 1950-1951 are presented. The minutes of STC meetings were not published earlier.
Penionzhkevich Yu.E. Exotic Nuclei in Astrophysics (rus, 1.333 Mb) Recently the scientific society marked several anniversaries, connected with discoveries which have played significant role in the development of astrophysical investigations. The year 2009 was chosen by the United Nations and UNESCO to be the year of astronomy. This was inspired by the 400th anniversary of Galileo Galilei's discovery of the telescope, giving the start of regular studies in the field of astronomy. An important contribution not only to the development of the physics of the microworld, but also to the understanding of the processes occurring in the Universe, was the discovery of the atomic nucleus done 100 years ago by E.Rutherford. Since then the investigations in the fields of elementary particles and atomic nuclei have helped to understand many processes in the microworld. Exactly 80 years ago K. Yanski used a radio-telescope for the first time in order to accept signals from cosmic objects and at present this part of physics is the most efficient method for studying the properties of the Universe. And finally, the launching into space on 12 April 1961 (50 years ago) of the first sputnik with a human being on board, the Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, marked the beginning of the investigation of the Universe with the direct participation of man. All these achievements considerably extended our ideas about the Universe. The author of the present work has tried to present some problems of the evolution of the Universe, the nucleosynthesis and cosmochronology from the point of view of nuclear physics and elementary particles, in particular using the latest results obtained with radioactive nuclear beams. Comparison is made between the processes taking place in the Universe and the mechanism of formation and decay of nuclei, as well as with their interaction at different energies. Examples are given to show the possibilities of nuclear methods to study cosmic objects and the properties of the Universe. The results of studying nuclear reactions, induced by radioactive ion beams, make it possible to analyze in a different way the nucleosynthesis scenario in the region of the lightest elements.
Agapov N.N., Butenko A.V., Volkov V.I., Karpinsky V.N., Kovalenko A.D., Trubnikov G.V., Sidorin A.O., Khodzhibagiyan H.G. Results of the Nuclotron-M Project (rus, 4.416 Mb) The main goal of the Nuclotron-M project approved for realization in 2007 was formulated as follows: modernization of the main accelerator systems for reliable and safe Nuclotron operation in the framework of accelerator complex NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility) being constructed at JINR. Demonstration of heavy-ion beam acceleration (with atomic mass number more than 100), safe and stable operation of the main superconducting magnetic system at magnetic field up to 2 T had been defined as criteria of the successful project fulfilment. Another very important issue is performance of safe long-term beam runs and increase of the accelerated beam intensity. All main goals of the Nuclotron-M project had been successfully achieved by the end of 2010. In this report, the authors give an overview of the project realization chronology and show main experimental results obtained at LHEP accelerator complex Nuclotron in the period from 2007 to 2011.
Nikityuk N.M., Samoilov V.N. Speciality Detectors, Electronics and Triggers of the ALICE Setupt (rus, 1.950 Mb) Peculiarities and parameters of detectors, front-end electronics and triggers electronics of the ALICE setup intended for investigation of ultrarelativistic nucleon-nucleon collisions at the LHC and for study of heavy ion collisions beginning from protons to several types of ions which have 5.5 TeV/nucleon at center of mass are described. One of the first collisions of lead ions was recorded by the ALICE detector on November 8, 2010.
Manjavidze J. On the Connection between Quantum and Classical Descriptions (eng, 415 Kb) The review paper presents generalization of d'Alembert's variational principle: the dynamics of a quantum system for an external observer is defined by the exact equilibrium of all acting in the system forces, including the random quantum force j, . Special attention is payed to the systems with (hidden) symmetries. It is shown how the symmetry reduces the number of quantum degrees of freedom down to the independent ones. The sine-Gordon model is considered as an example of such a field theory with symmetry. It is shown why the particles S matrix is trivial in this model.
Synopsis (rus, 52 Kb)
Part 5	up
SUPERSYMMETRIES AND QUANTUM SYMMETRIES (SQS'2011)
International Workshop
Dubna, Russian Federation, July 18-23, 2011
Proceedings of the Workshop
Edited by E.Ivanov and S.Fedoruk
Organizers, Chairman, Local Organizing and International Advisory Committees
Bergshoeff E.A., Riccioni F. Solitonic Branes and Wrapping Rules (eng, 112 Kb) We show that the solitonic branes of ten-dimensional IIA/IIB string theory must satisfy, upon toroidal compactification, a specific wrapping rule in order to reproduce the number of half-supersymmetric solitonic branes that follows from a supergravity analysis. The realization of this wrapping rule suggests that IIA/IIB string theory contains a whole class of so-called «non-standard» Kaluza-Klein monopoles.
Delduc F., Ivanov E. Geometry and Harmonic Superspace: Some Recent Progress (eng, 125 Kb) This contribution follows the talk, given by F. Delduc at the conference SQS'2011 in Dubna, Russia (July 18-23, 2011). To a considerable extent it is a summary of known facts about the links between geometry and extended supersymmetry in d = 1 mechanics, with emphasis on the harmonic superspace method created in Dubna in the 80s. Some recent developments based on [1] are also presented.
Lechtenfeld O. Instantons and Chern-Simons Flows in 6, 7 and 8 Dimensions (eng, 5.419 Mb) TThe existence of K-instantons on a cylinder M⁷ = K/H over a homogeneous nearly Khler 6-manifold K/H requires a conformally parallel or a cocalibrated G₂-structure on M⁷. The generalized anti-self-duality on M⁷ implies a Chern-Simons flow on K/H which runs between instantons on the coset. For K-equivariant connections, the torsionful Yang-Mills equation reduces to a particular quartic dynamics for a Newtonian particle on . When the torsion corresponds to one of the G₂-structures, this dynamics follows from a gradient or Hamiltonian flow equation, respectively. We present the analytic (kink-type) solutions and plot numerical non-BPS solutions for general torsion values interpolating between the instantonic ones.
Hakobyan T., Lechtenfeld O., Nersessian A., Saghatelian A., Yeghikyan V. Action-Angle Variables and Novel Superintegrable Systems (eng, 117 Kb) In this paper we demonstrate the effectiveness of the action-angle variables in the study of superintegrable systems. As an example, we construct the spherical and pseudospherical generalizations of the two-dimensional superintegrable models introduced by Tremblay, Turbiner and Winternitz, and by Post and Winternitz.
Sorokin D. *Superstrings in AdS* Superbackgrounds and Their Integrability** (eng, 113 Kb) This contribution is mainly based on results of [1, 2]. We review the structure of Green-Schwarz superstrings on AdS backgrounds with the emphasis on peculiarities of those cases which are not maximally supersymmetric. In particular, we discuss complications which one encounters with the proof of classical integrability of non-maximally supersymmetric string sigma-models and describe a method of the construction of a Lax representation of the equations of motion which is capable of providing evidence for the integrability of sigma-models whose target space is not a semi-symmetric supercoset manifold.
Tseytlin A.A. *Aspects of Pohlmeyer Reduction for Superstrings in AdS₅ S⁵* (eng, 118 Kb) We review some recent work on Pohlmeyer reduced theory associated with superstring theory in AdS₅ S⁵. We discuss the S-matrix of the reduced theory and also the computation of the 2-loop correction to the partition function in a nontrivial background.
Mastaler M., Synatschke-Czerwonka F., Wipf A. Supersymmetric Renormalization Group Flows (eng, 515 Kb) The functional renormalization group equation for the quantum effective action is a powerful tool to investigate nonperturbative phenomena in quantum field theories. We discuss the application of manifest supersymmetric flow equations to the = 1 Wess-Zumino model in two and three dimensions and the linear O(N) sigma model in three dimensions in the large-N limit. The former is a toy model for dynamical supersymmetry breaking, the latter for an exactly solvable field theory.
Buchbinder I.L., Pletnev N.G. Aspects of Effective Action for Super Chern-Simons-Matter Models (eng, 141 Kb) We develop the superfield background method and study the effective action in the = 2, d3 supersymmetric Chern--Simons-matter systems. The one-loop low-energy effective action for non-Abelian supersymmetric Chern-Simons theory is computed to order F⁴ by use of = 2 superfield heat kernel techniques.
Zinoviev Yu.M. Interactions for Massive Mixed Symmetry Field (eng, 83 Kb) Here we give the first two examples of nontrivial interactions for simplest massive mixed symmetry field (hook) in general (A)dS space with arbitrary value of cosmological constant, including flat Minkowski space. For that purpose, using frame-like gauge-invariant description of massive higher spin particles, we extend the Fradkin-Vasiliev approach, initially developed for investigations of gravitational and other interactions for massless higher spin particles in AdS space, to the case of arbitrary combinations of massive and/or massless particles, including, e.g., electromagnetic and gravitational interactions for massive higher spin ones.
Zoupanos G. New Challenges in Unified Theories (eng, 115 Kb) Among the research directions that we have presented during the Workshop SQS'2011, we have chosen to discuss here in some detail the derivation of the effective action in four dimensions of the ten-dimensional N = 1 heterotic supergravity coupled to N = 1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills resulting from the dimensional reduction over nearly Khler manifolds.
Dobrev V.K. Group-Theoretical Classification of BPS States in D = 4 Conformal Supersymmetry: The Case of 1N-BPS (eng, 103 Kb) In an earlier paper we gave the complete group-theoretical classification of BPS states of the N-extended D = 4 conformal superalgebras su(2,2/N), but not all interesting cases were given in detail. In the present paper we spell out the interesting case of 1/N-BPS and possibly protected states.
Henningson M. What Is the Partition Bundle? (eng, 90 Kb) Six-dimensional (2, 0) theory can be defined on a large class of six-manifolds endowed with some additional topological and geometrical data. We discuss the nature of the object in such a theory that generalizes the partition function of a more conventional quantum field theory.
Lavrov P.M., Shapiro I.L. BRST Renormalization (eng, 101 Kb) We consider the renormalization of general gauge theories on curved space-time background, with the main assumption being the existence of a gauge-invariant and diffeomorphism invariant regularization. Using the Batalin-Vilkovisky (BV) formalism, one can show that the theory possesses gauge-invariant and diffeomorphism invariant renormalizability at quantum level, up to an arbitrary order of the loop expansion.
Bastianelli F., Corradini O., Dvila J.M., Schubert C. Photon-Graviton Amplitudes from the Effective Action (eng, 117 Kb) We report on the status of an ongoing effort to calculate the complete one-loop low-energy effective actions in the Einstein-Maxwell theory with a massive scalar or spinor loop, and to use them for obtaining the explicit form of the corresponding M-graviton/N-photon amplitudes. We present explicit results for the effective actions at the one-graviton four-photon level and for the amplitudes at the one-graviton two-photon level. As expected on general grounds, these amplitudes relate in a simple way to the corresponding four-photon amplitudes. We also derive the gravitational Ward identity for the 1PI one-graviton - N-photon amplitude.
Park J.-H. Stringy Differential Geometry for Double Field Theory, Beyond Riemann (eng, 100 Kb) While the fundamental object in Riemannian geometry is a metric, closed string theories call for us to put a two-form gauge field and a scalar dilaton on an equal footing with the metric. Here we propose a novel differential geometry which treats the three objects in a unified manner, manifests not only diffeomorphism and one-form gauge symmetry but also O(D, D) T-duality, and enables us to rewrite the known low-energy effective action of them as a single term. We comment that the notion of cosmological constant naturally changes.
Катанаев М.О., Маннанов И.Г. Клиновые дислокации, трехмерная гравитация и проблема Римана-Гильберта (eng, 115 Kb) Предложено выражение для свободной энергии произвольного статического распределения клиновых дислокаций в твердом теле. Оно представляет собой евклидову версию (1 + 2)-мерной гравитации, взаимодействующей с произвольным числом точечных частиц. Показано, что решение уравнений равновесия приводит к задаче Коши для эффективных уравнений, определяющих форму дислокаций, а задача о нахождении метрики - к проблеме Римана-Гильберта для репера с (3)-представлением монодромии.
Andringa R., Bergshoeff E., de Roo M. A New Perspective on Nonrelativistic Gravity (eng, 69 Kb) The geometric reformulation of Newton's gravity is known as Newton-Cartan theory. We compare the traditional derivation of this theory with a new, algebraic derivation, based on the gauging of a centrally extended Galilean symmetry algebra. In this comparison, the role of the central charge gauge field will be explained. In particular, we show that the scalar potential following from this procedure coincides with the one given by the theory of Cartan. Our procedure can be generalized to describe other nonrelativistic limits of gravity involving gravitating strings.
Rosseel J. Critical Gravities in d 3 (eng, 78 Kb) Critical gravities originated in the context of three-dimensional massive gravities. They were conjectured to describe gravitational duals of two-dimensional logarithmic conformal field theories. In this talk, we show that critical gravities can also be studied in dimensions d > 3. As in three dimensions, higher-dimensional critical gravities exhibit logarithmic modes. We argue that the existence of these logarithmic modes leads one to conjecture that higher-dimensional critical gravities are dual to logarithmic conformal field theories in more than two dimensions.
Samsonov I.B. = 4 SYM Low-Energy Effective Action in = 4 Harmonic Superspace (eng, 85 Kb) We apply the = 4 harmonic superspace with U Sp(4) harmonic variables for describing the = 4 SYM low-energy effective action. Scale invariance and gauge symmetry fix the leading term in the low-energy effective action uniquely, up to a constant. The value of the remaining constant can be fixed by the topological quantization condition for the Wess-Zumino term which is present in the component structure of this action.
Arai M., Shin Su. Moduli Matrices of the Vacua and Walls on SO(2N)/U(N) (eng, 81 Kb) We construct parallel domain walls on the SO(2N)/U(N) manifold by using the moduli matrices, which were originally constructed in the Grassmann manifold. We propose a method to impose a quadratic constraint to the moduli matrices. This talk is based on arXiv:1103.1490.
Berezovoj V.P., Konchatnij M.I. Dynamics of Localized States in N = 4 SUSY QM (eng, 141 Kb) A consistent approach is offered for investigating the temporal dynamics of localized states. It is based on exactly solvable quantum mechanical models with multiwell potentials and the associate propagators. The Hamiltonian states with multiwell potentials form an adequate basis for expanding wave packets (WP) of various types and degrees of localization. Special features of WP tunneling have been studied with due regard to all Hamiltonian states with symmetric and asymmetric potentials.
Gershun V.D. Integrable String Models of WZNW Model Type with Constant SU(2), SO(3), SP(2), and SU(3) Torsion and Hydrodynamic Chains (eng, 106 Kb) The integrability of string model of WZNW model type with constant SU(2), SO(3), SP(2) torsion is investigated. The closed boson string model in the background gravity and antisymmetric B-field is considered as integrable system in terms of initial chiral currents. The model is considered under assumption that internal torsion related with metric of Riemann-Cartan space and external torsion related with antisymmetric B-field (anti)coincide. New equation of motion and exact solution of this equation were obtained for string model with constant SU(2), SO(3), SP(2) torsion. New equations of motion and new Poisson brackets (PB) for infinite dimensional hydrodynamic chains were obtained for string model with constant SU(n), SO(n), SP(n) torsion for n .
Kiselev A.V. Variational Noncommutative Poisson Geometry (eng, 107 Kb) We outline the notions and concepts of the calculus of variational multivectors within the Poisson formalism over the spaces of infinite jets of mappings from commutative (non)graded smooth manifolds to the factors of noncommutative associative algebras over the equivalence under cyclic permutations of the letters in the associative words. We state the basic properties of the variational Schouten bracket and derive an interesting criterion for (non)commutative differential operators to be Hamiltonian (and thus determine the (non)commutative Poisson structures). We place the noncommutative jet-bundle construction at hand in the context of the quantum string theory.
Koshelev A.S., Vernov S.Yu. On Bouncing Solutions in Nonlocal Gravity (eng, 81 Kb) A nonlocal modified gravity model with an analytical function of the d'Alembert operator, is considered. This model has been recently proposed as a possible way of resolving the singularities problem in cosmology. We present exact bouncing solution, which is simpler compared to the already known one in this model, in the sense, it does not require an additional matter to satisfy all gravitational equations.
Malik R.P. Abelian 3-Form Gauge Theory: Superfield Approach (eng, 98 Kb) We discuss a D-dimensional Abelian 3-form gauge theory within the framework of Bonora-Tonin's superfield formalism and derive the off-shell nilpotent and absolutely anticommuting Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) and anti-BRST symmetry transformations for this theory. To pay our homage to V.I.Ogievetsky (1928-1996), who was one of the inventors of Abelian 2-form (antisymmetric tensor) gauge field, we go a step further and discuss the above D-dimensional Abelian 3-form gauge theory within the framework of BRST formalism and establish that the existence of the (anti-)BRST invariant Curci-Ferrari (CF)-type of restrictions is the hallmark of any arbitrary p-form gauge theory (discussed within the framework of BRST formalism).
Mir-Kasimov R.M. Relativistic Kinetic Momentum Operators, Half-Rapidities and Noncommutative Differential Calculus (eng, 81 Kb) It is shown that the generating function for the matrix elements of irreps of the Lorentz group is the common eigenfunction of the interior derivatives of the noncommutative differential calculus over the commutative algebra generated by the coordinate functions in the Relativistic Configuration Space (RCS). These derivatives commute and can be interpreted as the quantum mechanical operators of the relativistic momentum corresponding to the half of the non-Euclidean distance in the Lobachevsky momentum space (the mass shell).
Lyakhovsky V.D., Nazarov A.A. On Affine Extension of Splint Root Systems (eng, 97 Kb) Splint of root system of simple Lie algebra appears naturally in the study of (regular) embeddings of reductive subalgebras. It can be used to derive branching rules. Application of splint properties drastically simplifies calculations of branching coefficients. We study affine extension of splint root system of simple Lie algebra and obtain relations on theta and branching functions.
Nurmagambetov A.J. Analytical Approach to 2D Holographic Superconductor (eng, 94 Kb) We briefly discuss the phase transitions in 2D Holographic Superconductors in the probe limit, and in rotating and non-rotating Black Hole backgrounds.
Pervushin V.N., Arbuzov A.B., Barbashov B.M., Nazmitdinov R.G., Borowiec A., Pichugin K.N., Zakharov A.F. The General Relativity with Conformal Units (eng, 162 Kb) General Relativity rewritten in conformal units identifies conformal intervals with the real observational distances. This identification provides the basis for the explanation of all the epochs of the Universe evolution including Ia supernova luminosity long distance-redshift relation by the dominance of the Casimir vacuum energy of all physical fields. A set of arguments is discussed in favor of the fact that the SNe Ia data in the conformal units can be an evidence of the conformal twistor structure of the space-time as a nonlinear realization of the affine group, just like the nonlinear realization of chiral symmetry and phenomenological Lagrangian is an evidence of the quark structure of hadrons.
Reshetnyak A.A. On Lagrangian Formulations for Arbitrary Bosonic HS Fields on Minkowski Backgrounds (eng, 142 Kb) We review the details of unconstrained Lagrangian formulations for Bose particles propagated on an arbitrary dimensional flat space-time and described by the unitary irreducible integer higher-spin representations of the Poincare group subject to Young tableaux Y(s₁,...,k_k) with k rows. The procedure is based on the construction of scalar auxiliary oscillator realizations for the symplectic sp(2k) algebra which encodes the second-class operator constraints subsystem in the HS symmetry algebra. Application of a universal BRST approach reproduces gauge-invariant Lagrangians with reducible gauge symmetries describing the free dynamics of both massless and massive bosonic fields of any spin with appropriate number of auxiliary fields.
Vernov S.Yu. Nonlocal Gravitational Models and Exact Solutions (eng, 87 Kb) A nonlocal gravity model with a function f(^-1 R), where is the d'Alembert operator, is considered. The algorithm, allowing one to reconstruct f(^-1 R), corresponding to the given Hubble parameter and the state parameter of the matter, is proposed. Using this algorithm, we find the functions f(^-1 R), corresponding to de Sitter solutions.
Burinskii A. Gravity beyond Quantum Theory: Electron as a Closed Heterotic String (eng, 91 Kb) The observable gravitational and electromagnetic parameters of an electron determine that its background should be the Kerr-Newman (KN) solution of the rotating black hole without horizons. This metric has a topological defect - the Kerr singular ring which, as we show, is a closed heterotic string of the Compton radius a = /(2m). We show that the Dirac equation emerges as a consequence of the underlying KN gravity and string theory. Regularization of the KN solution leads to a model of gravitating soliton of the oscillon type, in which the closed heterotic string is positioned on the edge rim of a disklike vacuum bubble. It is suggested that the string-like core of the electron should be experimentally observable by the novel methods of the «deeply virtual (nonforward) Compton scattering».
Burdk ., Navrtil O., Pota S. Extremal Vectors for Verma-Type Factor-Representations of U_q(sl(3, )) (eng, 92 Kb) To analyze the reducibility of the Verma modules one often needs to find the extremal vectors of the given representations. On the example of algebra U_q(sl(3, )) we study how the set of extremal vectors is affected when we factorize the original representation and give their explicit formula.
Makhaldiani N. Nambu-Poisson Dynamics with Some Applications (eng, 112 Kb) Short introduction in NPD with several applications to (in)finite dimensional problems of mechanics, hydrodynamics, M-theory and quanputing is given.
Dubois-Violette M., Popov T. Homotopy Transfer and Self-Dual Schur Modules (eng, 111 Kb) We consider the free 2-nilpotent graded Lie algebra generated in degree one by a finite dimensional vector space V. We recall the beautiful result that the cohomology H(, ) of with trivial coefficients carries a GL(V)-representation having only the Schur modules V with self-dual Young diagrams { : = '} in its decomposition into GL(V)-irreducibles (each with multiplicity one). The homotopy transfer theorem due to Tornike Kadeishvili allows one to equip the cohomology of the Lie algebra with a structure of homotopy commutative algebra.
Mayburov S.N. Fuzzy Topology, Quantization and Gauge Invariance (eng, 80 Kb) Quantum space-time with Dodson-Zeeman topological structure is studied. In its framework the states of massive particle m correspond to elements of fuzzy set called fuzzy points. Due to their weak (partial) ordering, m space coordinate x acquires principal uncertainty _x. Quantization formalism is derived from consideration of m evolution in fuzzy phase space with minimal number of additional assumptions. Particle's interactions on fuzzy manifold are studied and shown to be gauge invariant.
Merzlikin B.S. One-Loop Effective Action in Three-Dimensional General Chiral Superfield Model (eng, 79 Kb) Using the heat kernel approach we calculate one-loop Khler effective potential for the general chiral superfield model in three dimensions.
Visinescu M. Hamiltonian Reduction and Unfolding of Dynamical Systems with Gauge Symmetries (eng, 77 Kb) We investigate the reduction and unfolding of dynamical systems with gauge symmetries. An application is provided by a nonrelativistic point charge in the field of a Dirac monopole. The corresponding dynamical system possessing a Kepler-type symmetry is associated with the Taub-NUT metric using a reduction procedure of symplectic manifolds with symmetries. The reverse of the reduction procedure is done by stages performing the unfolding of the gauge transformation followed by the Eisenhart lift in connection with scalar potentials.
Golubtsova A.A., Ivashchuk V.D. Fluxbrane and S-Brane Solutions Related to Lie Algebras (eng, 103 Kb) We overview composite fluxbrane and special S-brane solutions for a wide class of intersection rules related to semisimple Lie algebras. These solutions are defined on a product manifold R_* M₁ ... M_n which contains n Ricci-flat spaces M₁,..., M_n with one-dimensional R_* and M₁. They are governed by a set of moduli functions H_s, which have polynomial structure. The powers of polynomials coincide with the components of the dual Weyl vector in the basis of simple coroots.
Gromov N.A. Contraction of Electroweak Model Can Explain the Interactions of Neutrinos with Matter (eng, 93 Kb) The very rare interactions of neutrinos with matter and the dependence of the corresponding cross section on neutrinos energy are explained as contraction of the gauge group of the electroweak model already at the level of classical gauge fields. Small contraction parameter is connected with the universal Fermi constant of weak interactions and neutrino energy as ²(s)=.
Part 6	up
Balantsev I.A., Studenikin A.I., Tokarev I.V. New Solutions of Dirac Equation for Particles in Magnetic Field and Matter (rus, 286 Kb) A brief review of method of exact solutions of quantum equations describing charged particles motion in external fields is presented. A quantization method using increasing and decreasing operators that is applied for description of states of fermions propagating in the magnetic field and matter is developed. The problem of charged fermion motion in matter and magnetic field with account for nonzero anomalous magnetic moment is first formulated and solved. Exact solutions for spectrum and wavefunctions for corresponding modified Dirac equation are obtained. Semiclassical interpretation of the obtained solutions is discussed. In particular an amendment to synchrotron radiation intensity that is dependent on matter density is obtained.
Nayak G.C. Altarelli-Parisi Equation in Nonequilibrium QCD (eng, 143 Kb) The Q² evolution of fragmentation function in nonequilibrium QCD by using DGLAP evolution equation may be necessary to study hadron formation from quark-gluon plasma at RHIC and LHC. In this paper we study splitting functions in nonequilibrium QCD by using Schwinger-Keldysh closed-time path integral formalism. For quarks and gluons with arbitrary nonequilibrium distribution functions f_q(p) and f_g(p), we derive expressions for quark and gluon splitting functions in nonequilibrium QCD at leading order in _s. We make a comparison of these splitting functions with those obtained by Altarelli and Parisi in vacuum.
Dineykhan M., Ivanov M.A., Saidullaeva G.G. Exotic States and Rare B_s-Decays in the Covariant Quark Model (rus, 683 Kb) We explore the consequences of treating the X(3872) meson as a tetraquark bound state. As dynamical framework we employ a covariant quark model which includes infrared confinement in an effective way. We calculate the decay widths of the observed channels X J/ + 2(3) and X ⁰ + D⁰ + ⁰ via the intermediate off-shell states X J/ + () and X + D^D. For reasonable values of the size parameter _X of the X(3872), we find consistency with the available experimental data. We also discuss the possible impact of the X(3872) in an s-channel dominance description of the J/ dissociation cross section. We further analyze its one-photon decay X J/ + J/. To introduce the electromagnetic interactions we gauge a nonlocal effective Lagrangian describing the interaction of the X(3872) meson with its four constituent quarks by using the P-exponential path-independent formalism. We calculate the matrix element of the transition X J/ + J/ and prove its gauge invariance. We evaluate the X J/ + J/ decay width and the longitudinal/transverse composition of the J/ in this decay. For a reasonable value of the size parameter of the X(3872) meson, we find consistency with the available experimental data. We also calculate the helicity and multipole amplitudes of the process, and describe how they can be obtained from the covariant transition amplitude by covariant projection. In the wake of the great interest to the problem of CP violation in the B_s-_s system which was recently observed, the decays of B_s into D- and color suppressed decay B_s J/ have attracted much attention from both theorists and experimentalists. We provide new values for the model parameters of the covariant quark model (with built-in infrared confinement) in the meson sector by a fit to the leptonic decay constants and a number of electromagnetic decays. We then evaluate, in a parameter-free way, the form factors of the B(B_s) P(V) transitions in the full kinematical region of momentum transfer. As an application of our results, we calculate the widths of the nonleptonic B_s-decays into D_s^-D_s⁺, D_s^-D_s⁺ + D_s^-D_s^+ and D_s^-D_s^*+. These modes give the largest contribution to for the B_s-_s system. We also treat the nonleptonic decay B_s J/. Although this mode is color-suppressed, this decay has important implications for the search for possible CP-violating new physics effects in B_s-_s mixing.
Gorbunov A.V., Lyapunov S.M., Okina O.I., Frontasyeva M.V., Pavlov S.S. Nuclear and Related Analytical Techniques in Ecology: Impact of Geoecological Factors on the Balance of Trace Elements in the Human Organism (rus, 724 Kb) Current capabilities of the nuclear and related analytical techniques: neutron activation analysis, X-ray fluorescent analysis, and atomic adsorption spectrometry - are used to carry out multielement analysis of a wide range of foodstuffs and drinking water in various regions of Russia. The results of a more than 20 years long collaboration of the Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Neutron Activation Analysis and Applied Research Sector, Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, in this field are presented. It is shown that the trace element content of agricultural products depends on the ecological and geochemical conditions in a particular region. A possibility of lettuce and spinach variety determination with respect to Cd and Pb contamination of the soil is demonstrated in the experiment with artificially produced soil contamination. Principles that may underlie accumulation of heavy metals and toxic elements by basidiomycetes are determined. Out of a great deal of human diets in use, the six most typical ones are selected and the intake of macro and micronutrients from these diets by a human is evaluated. The effect produced on the human organism by the basic elements intake with the food and possible risks are discussed. Dependence of the trace element content of the drinking water on the ecological and geochemical conditions is investigated in three regions of Russia. It is shown that the quality of drinking water critically depends on the condition of the water supply system.
Kalandarov Sh.A., Adamian G.G., Antonenko N.V. Emission of Heavy Clusters in Nuclear Reactions at Low Bombarding Energies (rus, 1.176 Мb) The review of theoretical and experimental investigations of heavy cluster emission from highly excited nuclear systems, which are formed in nuclear reactions with heavy ions at low bombarding energies, is presented. The detailed description of dinuclear system (DNS) model for the calculation of the formation cross sections of heavy clusters in reactions of complete fusion and quasifission is given. Calculated results are compared with experimental data and results of other models. Within suggested approach the role of angular momentum, asymmetry of the entrance channel, N/Z relation and excitation energy in formation of the final reaction products is studied. The method for calculation of evaporation residues cross sections in complete fusion reactions is developed to take into account the light particle evaporation and heavy cluster emission channels. The possibility is shown to form isotopes of Rn, Fr and Ra in cluster emission channels from excited compound nucleus Pu. The calculated cross sections and isotopic distributions of residual nuclei, which are formed in cluster decay channels of the excited Pu, are in a good agreement with the experimental data. The developed model allows one to find optimum experimental conditions (a projectile-target combination, bombarding energy) for studying the emission of certain heavy clusters.
Bunatian G.G. Study of the Neutron Flux Generated at E-Linac-Driven Neutron Sources (eng, 242 Кb) We treat generic physical features of the production of neutrons from the high-atomic-number materials irradiated by the electron beam provided by the linear electron accelerator. The bremsstrahlung of incident electrons inducing the photonuclear reactions is considered. The experimental data on photonuclear reactions are utilized to describe neutrons generating caused by the -radiation absorption. The generally received theoretical approaches are applied to explore the photoneutrons energy distribution. The produced neutrons are primarily statistical, yet the direct neutrons share is noteworthy as well. The dependence of the neutron spectrum, mean neutron energy, and total neutron yield on the energy and current of the electron beam and on the characteristics of irradiated samples is investigated. The analysis is plainly carried out in the framework of the quantum electrodynamics and photonuclear physics, without having any recourse to the «numerical Monte-Carlo simulations». Our findings prove mainly to conform satisfactorily to the experimental measurements, so far as those are available for now.
Kholodenko A.L., Silagadze Z.K. When Physics Helps Mathematics: Calculation of the Sophisticated Multiple Integral (eng, 181 Кb) There exists a remarkable connection between the quantum mechanical Landau-Zener problem and purely classical-mechanical problem of a ball rolling on a Cornu spiral. This correspondence allows us to calculate a complicated multiple integral, a kind of multidimensional generalization of Fresnel integrals. A direct method of calculation is also considered but found to be successful only in some low-dimensional cases. As a byproduct of this direct method, an interesting new integral representation for (2) is obtained.
Synopsis (rus, 68 Kb)
Author index (rus)
Subject index (rus)